AI Agents

The Multi-Agent Pattern: Planner, Worker and Critic Explained

Apr 18, 2026 Beusoft Engineering 140 views 1 min read

The single-agent ceiling

Stuff a single AI agent with too many tools and it starts to forget the goal mid-flow. The fix that\'s become standard in 2026 is the planner / worker / critic trio.

Roles

  • Planner (Opus 4.7) — reads the request, produces a step-by-step plan, never touches tools.
  • Worker (Sonnet 4.6 or Haiku 4.5) — executes one step at a time with a small, fixed tool set.
  • Critic (Sonnet 4.6) — reviews each completed step against the plan, flags drift, requests retries.

Why it works

Each agent gets a narrow context — its own role, its own tools, its own success criteria. That means smaller prompts, faster runs, fewer hallucinations and a clear audit trail you can show a client.

A reference build

For a research-report generator, the trio looked like this:

  1. Planner produces a 7-step research outline.
  2. Worker hits search, reads sources, drafts each section.
  3. Critic checks for unsupported claims and missing citations.
  4. Planner approves the final assembly.

Total cost dropped roughly 35% versus a single-agent version, and human-edit time on the output dropped by half.

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Written by Beusoft Engineering

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